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100			_aPatrick, Carlianne _954233
245			_aIncentivizing the Missing Middle: _bThe Role of Economic Development Policy/ _cCarlianne Patrick
260			_bSage, _c2020.
300			_aVol.34, issue 2, 2020: (154-170p.)
520			_aThe shrinking middle class and increasing income polarization in the United States are issues of concern to policy makers and others. Economic development incentives are a key policy tool used at the state and local levels to promote local economic growth, and, presumably, provide employment opportunities. However, these incentives may have unintended consequences that may be contributing to the decline of the middle class. The authors combine detailed industry-level detail on incentives with proprietary county-level industry employment data and two methods for defining middle-class industries. Using an instrumental variable approach, the authors estimate how differential economic development policies affect middle-class jobs. The authors find evidence that incentivizing creative-class and high-wage industries may be contributing to the hollowing out of the middle class. Without hurting employment in other industries, targeting working-class and middle-wage industries alleviates this trend, while reducing incentives on creative-class and high-wage industries could help increase working and middle-class employment.
650			_aIncentivizing _954234
650			_aEconomic Development Policy _954235
700			_aStephens, Heather M. _eCo-author _954236
773	0		_010589 _916747 _dSage Publisher _tEconomic development quarterly
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0891242420907160
942			_2ddc _cART
999			_c13435 _d13435