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100			_aFrench, Matthew _950061
245			_aInstitutionalizing participatory slum upgrading: a case study of urban co-production from Afghanistan, 2002–2016/
260			_bSage, _c2019.
300			_a Vol 31, issue 1, 2019 : (209-230 p.).
520			_aInstitutionalizing slum upgrading as part of government-led citywide or national programmes can overcome the limitations of piecemeal, “bottom-up”, ad-hoc upgrading projects. This article presents a case study of 15 years of practice to institutionalize participatory slum upgrading in Afghanistan. The article explains the main approach and tools used in Afghanistan to mobilize residents into Community Development Councils (CDCs), undertake neighbourhood action planning, and implement civil works projects in a co-production process to improve access to basic urban services and strengthen local governance. The findings provide original insights into key elements for institutionalization in fragile contexts: (i) building support of the international community, donors, and development banks for urban investment; (ii) the role of community contributions; (iii) the need to embed upgrading with improved tenure security and municipal revenue generation; and (iv) the importance of reliable and recent data to guide decision-making and build political support for in-situ settlement upgrading.
650			_aAfghanistan, _948918
650			_a co-production, _949035
650			_a fragile cities, _950062
650			_a local governance, _950063
650			_a participation, _948999
650			_a reconstruction, _950064
650			_a slum upgrading, _950065
650			_aurban _949149
700			_a Popal, Abdul _950066
700			_a Rahimi, Habib _950067
700			_aPopuri, Srinivasa _950068
700			_aTurkstra, Jan _950069
773	0		_08744 _916490 _dLondon Sage Publications Ltd. 1989 _tEnvironment & urbanization _x0956-2478
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0956247818791043
942			_2ddc _cART
999			_c12557 _d12557