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100			_a Maezawa, Tomoki _949865
245			_aDistance Estimation by Blindfolded Sighted Participants Using Echolocation
260			_bsage _c2019
300			_aVol 48, Issue 12, 2019: (1235-1251 p.).
520			_aAuditory perceived distance can be distorted in one’s internal representation. Thus, the present study examined whether blindfolded sighted participants could reduce the bias and preserve estimated distance for 5 to 15 s using echolocation. The participants performed a delayed reproduction task that consisted of testing sessions on 2 separate days in which the target distance was manipulated from 20 to 50 cm. Participants were blindfolded and asked to reproduce the distance of a target after a temporal delay of several seconds using click bursts produced by a loudspeaker. The testing session was preceded by a practice session that included training and feedback. The relationship between estimated and actual distances was approximated based on a power function and the over- and underestimation of the target distance on each test day. Although participants showed systematic bias in distance estimation on both days, participants changed their bias in the second session by shifting reproduced locations closer to their bodies. The accuracy and consistency of their responses improved across the 2 days. Neither accuracy nor consistency was affected by the retention intervals. These enhancements of performance might be due to improved hearing ability or calibration of internal spatial references through a practice session.
650			_aecholocation, _949866
650			_aechoic cue, _949867
650			_a distance estimation, _949868
650			_a blindfold, _949869
650			_asighted participant _949870
700			_a Kawahara, Jun I _949871
773	0		_012374 _916462 _dSage, _tPerception _x1468-4233
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0301006619884788
942			_2ddc _cART
999			_c12526 _d12526