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100			_aCarswell, Grace _946309
245			_aWaiting for the state: Gender, citizenship and everyday encounters with bureaucracy in India
300			_aVol 37, Issue 4, 2019 (597-616 p.)
520			_aThis article focuses on practices and meanings of time and waiting experienced by poor, low-class Dalits and Muslims in their routine encounters with the state in India. Drawing on ethnographic research from Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh, it presents experiences of waiting around queuing and applying for paperwork, cards, and welfare schemes, in order to examine the role of temporal processes in the production of citizenship and citizen agency. An analysis of various forms of waiting – ‘on the day’, ‘to and fro’, and ‘chronic’ waiting – reveals how temporal processes operate as mechanisms of power and control through which state actors and other mediators produce differentiated forms of citizenship and citizens. Temporal processes and their material outcomes, we argue, are shaped by class, caste and religion, while also drawing on – and reproducing – gendered identities and inequalities. However, rather than being ‘passive’ patients of the state, we show how ordinary people draw on money, patronage networks and various performative acts in an attempt to secure their rights as citizens of India.
650			_aTime, _946310
650			_awaiting, _946311
650			_a gender, _936984
650			_acitizenship, _946312
650			_a paperwork, _946313
650			_apatronage, _946314
650			_aIndia _946315
700			_a Chambers, Thomas _939910
700			_aNeve, Geert De _946316
773	0		_08872 _915873 _dLondon Pion Ltd. 2010 _tEnvironment and planning C: _x1472-3425
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X18802930
942			_2ddc _cART