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100			_aMeulbroek, Chris _944894
245			_aProse of passive revolution: Mobile experts, economic planning and the developmental state in Singapore
260			_bSage, _c2019.
300			_aVol 51, Issue 6, 2019,( 1242-1263 p.)
520			_aDuring the Cold War, a barrage of globally mobile development professionals proliferated throughout the decolonizing Third World to both assist in economic development and to constrain the geopolitical spread of communist-sympathetic regimes. This paper considers a document authored by one such professional, Albert Winsemius, and draws on Antonio Gramsci’s concept of passive revolution to theorize the process of state formation in Singapore. By examining Winsemius’ role in Singapore’s development planning, we demonstrate how globally sourced, ideological anti-communism and transnational economic expertise were inscribed into the institutional structure of the Singaporean state under Lee Kuan Yew and the People’s Action Party. Basing our analysis in a close reading of a key economic planning document, we argue that Winsemius and the Industrial Survey Mission demonstrate a political understanding of state formation rooted in the need to suppress labour strife and maintain political stability. This paper contributes to a more spatially nuanced understanding of East Asian industrialization and state transformation through a theorization of the influence of transnational expertise on an archetypal ‘developmental state’.
650			_aDevelopmental state, _944895
650			_a Gramsci, _944896
650			_aexpertise, _944756
650			_aCold War, _938866
650			_aSingapore _944897
700			_aAkhter,Majed _944898
773	0		_011325 _915507 _dSage, 2019. _tEnvironmental and planning A: Economy and space
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19843923
942			_2ddc _cART