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100			_aSavini, Federico _944777
245			_aUrban experimentation as a politics of niches
260			_bsage, _c2019.
300			_aVol 51, Issue 4, 2019,(831-848 p.)
520			_aExperimentation has become an increasingly dominant and celebrated practice in urban governance. Used by planners and policy-makers seeking to manage and organize a positive transition to a ‘better’ world, experiments are generally seen as desirable and even necessary to achieve this goal. The quintessentially political nature of this approach to urban change, however, remains insufficiently addressed in planning and policy literature. This paper argues that experimental agency entails a set of political biases and normative assumptions that deserve to be problematized. Critically building on the analytical insights of evolutionary theory, we develop a critique of experimental action, arguing that experiments express a ‘politics of niches’ which occur across three processes: the creation, selection and retention of emergent practices within established institutional orders. Using empirical evidence from contemporary practices in Amsterdam, we sketch four trajectories of niches: death, marginalization, assimilation and transformation. We conclude by reflecting on the political implications of experimentation for urban theory and practice.
650			_aExperiments, _944778
650			_aniches, _944779
650			_ainstitutions, _932899
650			_a politics, _944780
650			_aplanning _944781
700			_aBertolini, Luca _937914
773	0		_011325 _915507 _dSage, 2019. _tEnvironmental and planning A: Economy and space
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19826085
942			_2ddc _cART