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100			_aMishra, Alok Kumar _933127
245			_aHenry George and Mohring–Harwitz Theorems: Lessons for Financing Smart Cities in Developing Countries
260			_bSage, _c2019.
300			_a Vol 10, Issue 1, 2019 (13-30 p.)
520			_aDeveloping countries are embarking on ‘smart city’ programmes to rejuvenate their cities as engines of economic growth, applying smart solutions and managerial innovations. However, they ignore the powerful externalities of cities and are far from adopting ‘smart’ ways of financing urban infrastructure and services based on known theories and international practices. This article combines the Henry George Theorem (HGT) from Urban Economics and Mohring–Harwitz Theorem (MHT) from Transport Economics to suggest a robust strategy of financing infrastructure in cities. While the HGT emphasizes the taxation of urban land value, the MHT advocates the pricing of congestion externalities. The article suggests that if ‘beneficiaries pay’ and ‘congesters pay’ principles are combined, cities in developing countries like India can generate adequate revenues to service long-tenor debt incurred for core infrastructure facilities. It presents a toolbox of instruments to finance urban infrastructure
650			_aHenry George Theorem, _942245
650			_aMohring–Harwitz Theorem, _942246
650			_a land value tax, _942247
650			_a congestion pricing, _942248
650			_a land-based instruments _942249
650			_a beneficiaries pay, _942250
650			_acongesters pay _942251
773	0		_011205 _915500 _tEnvironment and urbanization Asia
856			_uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0975425318821797
942			_2ddc _cART