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100 _aRandolph, Adah Ward
_934705
245 _aDe Facto Desegregation in the Urban North: Voices of African American Teachers and Principals on Employment, Students, and Community in Columbus, Ohio, 1940 to 1980
260 _bSage,
_c2019.
300 _aVol 54, Issue 10, 2019(1403-1430 p.)
520 _aThis research explores the historical development of African American teacher and principal hiring and placement in Columbus, Ohio, from 1940 to 1980. In 1909, the Columbus Board of Education established Champion Avenue School creating a de facto segregated school to educate the majority of African American children and to employ Black educators. Over the next 50 years, Columbus created a de facto system of education where Black educators were hired and placed exclusively. This research illuminates how an unintended detriment such as de facto segregation actually developed Black leadership and strengthened and empowered the community before and after Brown.
650 _adesegregation,
_935341
650 _aAfrican American educators,
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650 _aurban education,
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650 _aschool and community
_935343
700 _aDwan V. Robinson
_935344
773 0 _010959
_915474
_dSage, 2019.
_tUrban education
856 _uhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0042085917697204
942 _2ddc
_cART