Race, Representation, and Revenue: (Record no. 13837)
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| 000 -LEADER | |
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| fixed length control field | 01685nab a2200205 4500 |
| 005 - DATE & TIME | |
| control field | 20230718183753.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION | |
| fixed length control field | 230718b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Singla, Akheil |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Race, Representation, and Revenue: |
| Sub Title | Reliance on Fines and Forfeitures in City Governments/ |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) | |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc | Sage, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc | 2020. |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Pages | Vol 56, Issue 4, 2020:( 1132-1167 p.). |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc | Historically, revenue associated with things like traffic citations—termed fines and forfeitures—has made up an insignificant portion of city revenue. In recent years, however, cities are increasingly reliant on these revenues. This changed without fanfare, meaning there is little understanding of how or why it occurred. One potential explanation is budgetary, meaning cities rely more on fines due to increased fiscal stress or demand for public safety services. Alternatively, existing research demonstrates that race and representation are significant predictors of crime and punishment outcomes, including traffic citations. Using a stratified random sample of California cities, this study investigates which of these factors explain city reliance on revenue from fines and forfeitures. It finds that cities’ reliance on fines and forfeitures is not associated with budgetary need or public safety service provision, but is associated with the race of the population and the racial composition of law enforcement. |
| 700 ## - Added Entry Personal Name | |
| Added Entry Personal Name | Kirschner, Charlotte |
| 700 ## - Added Entry Personal Name | |
| Added Entry Personal Name | Stone, Samuel B. |
| 773 0# - HOST ITEM ENTRY | |
| Host Biblionumber | 9296 |
| Host Itemnumber | 16911 |
| Place, publisher, and date of publication | Sage Publications |
| Title | Urban Affairs Review |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087419834632 |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| Koha item type | E-Journal |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| -- | 55931 |
| 700 ## - Added Entry Personal Name | |
| -- | 55943 |
| 700 ## - Added Entry Personal Name | |
| -- | 55944 |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| -- | ddc |
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